Finding the best induction cooktop with temperature control means balancing precision, ease of use, and durability. The ChangBERT Portable Induction Cooktop Enhanced Version stands out for its accurate temperature adjustments and NSF certification, making it ideal for home use. For professional-grade cooking, the Breville Control Freak offers exceptional temperature precision, suitable for serious chefs. Many models struggle with balancing consistent heat and user-friendly controls, often trading off between power and finesse. Continue reading to see how these options compare across key features and which one fits your cooking style best.
Key Takeaways
- Top models like the ChangBERT Enhanced and Breville Control Freak excel in precise temperature regulation, catering to different levels of cooking expertise.
- Portability versus built-in versatility plays a key role—compact options are great for small kitchens or travel, but larger models offer more control and power.
- Many induction cooktops with temperature control include additional features like timers, safety locks, and multiple power settings, which influence overall usability.
- Price varies significantly; investing in a higher-end model generally yields better temperature accuracy and durability, but budget options can still deliver solid performance for casual use.
- Design and build quality impact longevity—stainless steel and ceramic glass surfaces tend to last longer and withstand frequent use better.
More Details on Our Top Picks
ChangBERT Portable Induction Cooktop Enhanced Version, 1800W, Large Heating Coil, Precise Temperature Control, NSF Certified
This model stands out for its large 8-inch coil and extensive temperature range, making it ideal for users who need precise control across a broad spectrum. Compared with the Nuwave Flex, it offers more preset settings and a larger cooking surface, which benefits serious cooks or small commercial settings. The durable, NSF-certified construction ensures longevity, but its size and higher price could be drawbacks for those with limited counter space or tight budgets. The physical button controls and digital display make operation straightforward, and its commercial-grade build promises reliable performance over time.
Pros:- Large 8-inch cooking surface for versatile use
- Precise temperature control with 18 settings
- Commercial-grade, durable construction
- Easy to clean and portable design
Cons:- Size may be cumbersome in small kitchens
- Requires magnetic cookware
- Higher price point than basic hot plates
Best for: Professional chefs, catering services, or serious home cooks who prioritize durability and precise temperature control.
Not ideal for: Small kitchens or casual users who need a compact, budget-friendly option or have limited space.
- Power:1800W
- Preset Power Levels:9
- Preset Temperature Settings:18
- Heating Coil Diameter:8 inches
- Material:Stainless steel and shatter-proof glass
- Timer:Up to 12 hours
Bottom line: This pick is best suited for users who need durability, large surface area, and fine-tuned temperature settings for professional or serious home cooking.
ChangBERT Induction Cooktop Professional Chef Edition, 1800W Commercial Induction Burner with Schott Glass
Compared to the Breville Control Freak, this cooktop offers a more compact, portable design with a sleek Schott Ceran glass surface that’s perfect for outdoor cooking, catering, or small restaurant setups. Its 1800W power and safety features like auto-pan detection make it responsive and reliable, especially in environments where quick, consistent results matter. However, its focus on commercial-grade durability and safety features means it may be overkill for casual home cooks who don’t need such ruggedness or safety tech. The push button controls are simple, and its compact size enhances portability, but it’s primarily designed for users who need a durable, on-the-go induction option.
Pros:- Durable Schott Ceran glass surface for easy cleaning
- Compact, portable design for outdoor or mobile use
- Safety features like auto-pan detection and overheat protection
- Reliable 1800W power for quick heating
Cons:- Limited to 1800W, may not handle high-demand cooking
- Requires 120V power, limiting in regions with higher voltage
- Primarily designed for commercial use, potentially overkill for casual home use
Best for: Caterers, outdoor chefs, or small restaurants needing a portable, durable induction burner with reliable temperature control.
Not ideal for: Casual home cooks or those with limited power outlets, since it only runs on 120V and is designed for specific professional uses.
- Power:1800W
- Material:Schott Ceran Glass
- Controls:Push Button
- Wattage:1800 watts
- Warranty:2 years for home use
Bottom line: Ideal for professionals or outdoor enthusiasts seeking a sturdy, portable induction cooktop with reliable temperature control.
Nuwave Flex Precision Induction Cooktop, 10.25” Shatter-Proof Ceramic Glass, 6.5” Heating Coil, 45 Temperatures from 100°F to 500°F, 3 Wattage Settings 600, 900 & 1300 Watts, Black
The Nuwave Flex offers exceptional temperature precision with 45 preset options, making it suitable for delicate tasks like simmering or precise frying. Its shatter-proof ceramic glass surface adds safety, especially in busy or multi-purpose kitchens. Compared to the ChangBERT Enhanced Version, it’s smaller and more portable, ideal for limited space or travel. However, its limited wattage options and narrower temperature range may restrict power for high-demand cooking. The manual controls and compact design make it user-friendly, but it’s best for users who prioritize precise temperature control over maximum power.
Pros:- 45 preset temperature options for detailed control
- Shatter-proof ceramic glass surface for safety and durability
- Fast, even induction heating
- Compact, lightweight design
Cons:- Limited to induction-compatible cookware
- Only three wattage settings may restrict power flexibility
- Smaller surface may not suit large pots
Best for: Home cooks or small food establishments needing precise temperature control in a portable, safe design.
Not ideal for: Heavy-duty cooking requiring high wattage or larger surfaces, as its power and size are limited.
- Temperature Range:100°F to 500°F
- Number of Wattage Settings:3
- Wattage:1300W
- Material:Ceramic Glass
- Controls:Push Button
- Size:10″D x 12″W
Bottom line: This is best for users who need highly precise, versatile temperature control in a compact form factor for delicate cooking tasks.
Breville Commercial CMC850BSS Control Freak Precise Temperature Controlled Induction Cooktop
Compared with the ChangBERT Professional Edition, the Breville Control Freak offers finer temperature adjustments from 77°F to 482°F, with real-time surface sensing and probe control, enabling highly consistent results. Its advanced features, including create functions and quick recovery, make it suitable for professional kitchens or serious home chefs who want exact control. While it excels in precision, it comes with a higher price tag and a steeper learning curve, making it less ideal for casual users or those seeking straightforward operation. Its customizable settings make it a favorite for chefs who need to fine-tune every aspect of cooking.
Pros:- Highly precise temperature control with real-time sensing
- Customizable settings and create function
- Suitable for professional and detailed home cooking
- Reliable, with a 2-year warranty
Cons:- Requires induction-compatible cookware
- Higher cost and complexity
- Learning curve for advanced features
Best for: Professional chefs, culinary students, or serious home cooks seeking ultra-precise temperature management.
Not ideal for: Casual users or those with limited cooking experience who prefer simple, plug-and-play devices.
- Temperature Range:77°F – 482°F
- Power:1800W
- Controls:Surface temperature sensing, probe control
- Warranty:2 years
- Cookware Compatibility:Induction-compatible, 4.5-10 inch
Bottom line: This is a smart choice for those who need the highest degree of temperature accuracy and are comfortable with advanced controls.
Double Induction Cooktop, 2 Burner Portable Electric Stove with Temperature & Power Levels, Child Safety Lock & Timer
Compared with the single-zone ChangBERT and Nuwave options, this double induction cooktop offers the ability to cook two dishes simultaneously with independent temperature and power controls. Its safety features, including child lock and auto shut-off, make it suitable for family environments or small apartments. The adjustable temperature controls on both burners provide precise management, but the need for 220V power and magnetic cookware limits its portability in some regions. Its larger footprint may be a concern for very small kitchens, but for those needing multitasking capability, it delivers strong value.
Pros:- Two independent heating zones for multitasking
- Precise temperature and power control with LED display
- Safety features like child lock and auto shut-off
- Supports magnetic cookware
Cons:- Requires 220V power supply, may need a converter
- Bulkier size limits placement in small kitchens
- Maximum temperature may not satisfy all cooking needs
Best for: Families or users who need to cook multiple dishes at once in a safe, portable setup.
Not ideal for: Users with limited space or regions without 220V power supply, as it requires higher voltage and takes up more space.
- Wattage:3600W
- Number of Burners:2
- Dimensions:22.24 x 14 x 3.15 inches
- Control Type:Knob and Touch
- Timer:1-240 minutes
Bottom line: Best suited for families or busy households needing reliable, simultaneous multi-dish cooking with safety features.
Nuwave Gold Precision Induction Cooktop, Portable with 8” Heating Coil, 100°F to 575°F, 3 Wattage Settings
This model stands out for its highly accurate temperature control, with a range from 100°F to 575°F, surpassing the Duxtop’s 460°F limit. Its shatter-proof ceramic glass surface enhances safety and durability, making it ideal for delicate tasks like melting chocolate or sauces. Compared with the other portable options, such as the OMEO, this cooktop offers more precise digital adjustments, though it lacks the high wattage for heavy-duty cooking. The 1500W power is sufficient for most household uses but may fall short for large cookware or rapid boiling. Its compact size and safety features make it perfect for small kitchens or specific cooking tasks, but it’s less suited if you need high wattage for intense heat or large pots.
Pros:- Precise temperature control from 100°F to 575°F for delicate cooking
- Shatter-proof ceramic glass surface enhances safety and durability
- Fast, energy-efficient heating with 85-90% transfer efficiency
Cons:- Limited to a single burner, restricting multitasking
- Wattage may be insufficient for large pots or heavy-duty cooking
Best for: Home cooks who prioritize precise temperature control for delicate recipes or small-scale cooking
Not ideal for: Users with large cookware needs or those requiring high wattage for rapid boiling or high-demand tasks
- Product Type:Countertop Burner
- Number of Heating Elements:1
- Wattage:1500 watts
- Controls Type:Push Button
- Voltage:120 Volts
- Heating Element:Induction
- Material:Ceramic
- Item Dimensions:12″ D x 14.25″ W x 4.5″ H
- Warranty:Manufacturer’s warranty available
Bottom line: This pick suits those who need fine temperature adjustments for specific cooking techniques and safety, but not for high-volume or high-heat demands.
ChangBERT Induction Cooktop – Commercial Grade Portable Hot Plate with 8” Heating Coil, NSF Certified, 1800W, 10-Hour Timer
This cooktop excels for professional or heavy-duty home use, offering 1800W of power and NSF certification, unlike the Nuwave model which is more tailored for precise but less demanding cooking. Its robust stainless steel housing and safety features, including auto-pan detection and overheat protection, make it a reliable choice for extended use in busy kitchens. The 10-hour timer and maximum load capacity of 100 lbs add flexibility for large or multiple pots. However, its higher power and stainless steel build mean it’s less suitable for small kitchens or casual users without proper ventilation, as it’s more of a workhorse than a lightweight portable.
Pros:- High power at 1800W for quick, high-demand cooking
- Commercial-grade durability with NSF, UL, ETL certifications
- Safety features including auto-pan detection and overheat protection
- Large 10-hour timer for extended cooking sessions
Cons:- Limited to 120V, not compatible with 240V outlets for faster heating
- May be too powerful and bulky for small or residential kitchens
Best for: Professional cooks or serious home chefs needing a durable, high-power portable induction for demanding tasks
Not ideal for: Casual cooks or those with small kitchens who prefer lightweight, less powerful units
- Power:1800W
- Voltage:120V
- Heating Element:Induction
- Number of Heating Elements:1
- Control Type:Push Button
- Dimensions:15″D x 12.2″W x 2.8″H
- Weight:6.1 lbs
- Material:Stainless Steel
- Certifications:NSF, UL, ETL
Bottom line: This model suits professional or heavy-use environments where durability and power are priorities, but less so for casual or small kitchen setups.
OMEO Portable Induction Cooktop Hot Plate with LCD Touch, 1800W, Safety Lock, Auto Shutoff
The OMEO portable induction offers 1800W power with a user-friendly LCD touch interface, making it ideal for those seeking easy control in small spaces. Its 10 temperature levels provide flexible cooking options, though it may be too compact for large pots or heavy-duty tasks compared to the ChangBERT. The safety features like child lock and auto shutoff enhance its appeal for dorms, RVs, or outdoor use. However, its plastic construction might raise concerns over long-term durability, and its size limits its capacity for larger cookware. Compared to the stainless steel models, OMEO prioritizes portability and simplicity over ruggedness or high wattage flexibility.
Pros:- Powerful 1800W for quick heating
- Easy-to-use LCD touch controls
- Child safety lock and auto shutoff for safety
- Compact and portable design
Cons:- Limited size and capacity for large cookware
- Plastic body may affect long-term durability
Best for: Students, travelers, or people needing a portable, easy-to-use induction for light-to-moderate cooking
Not ideal for: Users requiring high wattage for large pots or heavy cooking, or those seeking a highly durable unit for frequent use
- Wattage:1800W
- Controls:Touch LCD display
- Temperature Levels:10
- Power Source:Induction
- Material:Plastic
- Dimensions:11.42″D x 2.36″W x 14.56″H
- Item Weight:5.5 pounds
- Safety Features:Child lock, auto shutoff
Bottom line: Ideal for those valuing portability and straightforward controls, but not suited for demanding or large-scale cooking tasks.
Duxtop Portable Induction Cooktop, 1800 Watts, Silver
Compared to the other models, the Duxtop offers 20 preset power and temperature levels, making it highly adaptable for various recipes. Its digital LCD sensor touch control panel simplifies adjustments, and safety features like auto-pan detection add peace of mind. While its maximum temperature of 460°F is slightly lower than the Nuwave, it covers most cooking needs, and the 20 presets allow for more nuanced control. However, some users report high-pitched sounds from cookware and a need to wait for cooling before cleaning. It’s a balanced choice for those who want broad control options without the premium price of high-end models, but it may not meet the demands of ultra-sensitive temperature control or very high heat.
Pros:- 20 preset power and temperature levels for versatility
- Child safety lock and auto-pan detection
- Compact, lightweight, and easy to transport
- Good energy efficiency at 83%
Cons:- High-pitched sounds from cookware can be distracting
- Requires compatible magnetic cookware with minimum 5-inch diameter
Best for: Home cooks who prefer a versatile, feature-rich portable induction for a variety of dishes
Not ideal for: Those needing extremely high temperatures or ultra-quiet operation
- Power:1800W
- Voltage:110/120 V
- Preset Power Levels:20
- Preset Temperature Levels:20
- Temperature Range:100°F to 460°F
- Energy Efficiency:83%
- Cookware Diameter:Minimum 5 inches
- Timer:Up to 10 hours
Bottom line: This model offers a broad range of preset controls suitable for versatile cooking, though noise and temperature limits might be drawbacks for sensitive users.
Stainless Steel Induction Cooktop with Precise Temperature Control and 1800W Power
Compared with digital touch models like Duxtop or OMEO, this stainless steel cooktop emphasizes mechanical controls and a robust build, making it ideal for professional or outdoor environments. Its precise temperature control from 140°F to 460°F is suitable for tasks requiring steady heat, and its durable stainless steel surface resists impacts and heat. The lack of touch controls may appeal to users who prefer tactile feedback or work in messy environments, but it also means fewer preset options. Its size makes it less portable than smaller models, and the 1800W power is adequate for most residential cooking but less for rapid boiling or large batches. It’s best for those who prioritize durability and consistent, manual control over digital finesse.
Pros:- Precise temperature control from 140°F to 460°F
- Rugged stainless steel construction resists impact and heat
- Mechanical controls provide tactile feedback and reliability
- Large cooking surface suitable for various pots
Cons:- No touch interface, which may be less modern or convenient
- Larger size may limit portability in small spaces
- Limited to 1800W, which may not meet demands of very high-heat cooking
Best for: Professional chefs or outdoor cooks needing a rugged, reliable induction with mechanical controls
Not ideal for: Casual users seeking modern touch controls or very compact appliances
- Material:Stainless Steel
- Wattage:1800W
- Controls:Mechanical
- Dimensions:15″D x 12″W x 2.8″H
- Item Weight:7.5 pounds
- Heating Elements:1
- Certification:UL
- Power Source:Electric
Bottom line: This unit offers durability and manual precision for professional or outdoor use, but isn’t tailored for modern digital convenience or small kitchens.
AMZCHEF Portable Induction Cooktop 20 Temperature & Power Levels, 1800W
This model stands out for offering 20 adjustable power and temperature levels, providing a level of precision that surpasses many competitors like the Duxtop 1800W, which has fewer preset options. Its compact design makes it ideal for limited counter space or travel, but the learning curve might be steep for users unfamiliar with induction controls. Unlike the Nuwave Pro, which targets more professional settings, the AMZCHEF emphasizes ease of use for home or office environments. The touch control and preset functions enhance convenience, though its small size limits the use of larger pans. It’s best suited for those who prioritize exact temperature settings and space efficiency, rather than large-scale cooking.
Pros:- 20 adjustable power and temperature levels for fine-tuned cooking
- Compact, lightweight, ideal for small spaces or portability
- Includes safety features like lock function and heat reminder
- Preset functions simplify common cooking tasks
Cons:- Limited pan size compatibility (4″ to 10″)
- Requires an electrical outlet, not suitable for outdoor or camping use
- Potentially complex for beginners unfamiliar with induction controls
Best for: Individuals needing precise temperature control in small kitchens, dorms, or travel situations
Not ideal for: Users requiring high power for large batches or outdoor use, as it needs an electrical outlet and has size constraints
- Power:1800W
- Temperature Range:120°F to 465°F
- Power Levels:20
- Temperature Settings:20
- Size:13.8″ x 11.0″ x 1.8″
- Weight:5.5 pounds
Bottom line: This induction cooktop is perfect for those who need precise control and portability in limited spaces.
Duxtop 1800W Portable Induction Cooktop Countertop Burner, Gold 8100MC/BT-180G3
The Duxtop 1800W offers a straightforward push-button control system, making it more accessible to users who prefer simple operation over extensive customization. Its size is slightly larger than the AMZCHEF, giving it a bit more stability with bigger pots, but still compact enough for small kitchens. While it lacks the extensive temperature range of the Nuwave Pro, it provides enough settings for most everyday cooking needs. Compared with the Nuwave Pro, which excels at precise temperature control, the Duxtop is better suited for users who prioritize ease and quick adjustments. Its safety features like auto-pan detection and overheat protection add peace of mind, though its limited power may restrict some high-demand cooking tasks.
Pros:- Compact and lightweight for portability and storage
- Multiple power and temperature settings for versatile cooking
- Safety features including auto-pan detection and overheat protection
- Glass surface makes cleaning straightforward
Cons:- Limited to 1800W, which may not handle all cooking styles
- Requires induction-compatible cookware
- Size may be small for larger pots or multiple servings
Best for: Home cooks seeking a reliable, easy-to-operate induction burner with multiple settings
Not ideal for: Professional chefs or those needing very precise temperature control or high wattage for large quantities
- Wattage:1800W
- Voltage:120V
- Controls:Push Button
- Number of Heating Elements:1
- Material:Glass+PP
- Dimensions:11.5″D x 13″W x 2.5″H
Bottom line: Ideal for users wanting a basic, safe, and portable induction cooktop with multiple settings for everyday use.
Nuwave Pro Chef Induction Cooktop, NSF-Certified, 1800W, Portable with Ceramic Glass Surface
The Nuwave Pro stands out for offering 94 precise temperature settings from 100°F to 575°F, far exceeding the capabilities of the other two options, making it ideal for delicate sauces or sous-vide style cooking. Its NSF certification and shatter-proof ceramic glass surface appeal to commercial or high-demand home cooks. Compared to the AMZCHEF, which offers a broader range of preset functions, or the Duxtop, which emphasizes simplicity, the Nuwave prioritizes accuracy and durability. Its lightweight design and energy-efficient fast heating make it suitable for small kitchens, RVs, or professional environments, though it’s limited to one burner and 120V power.
Pros:- 94 adjustable temperature settings from 100°F to 575°F
- Portable, lightweight, and NSF-certified for professional use
- Durable, shatter-proof ceramic glass surface
- Fast heating and energy-efficient operation
Cons:- Limited to a single cooking zone
- No built-in oven or additional burners
- Requires 120V power, limiting high-demand applications
Best for: Professional cooks, serious home chefs, or small kitchens needing precise temperature control and durability
Not ideal for: Casual users or those requiring multiple burners or high wattage for large-scale cooking
- Product Type:Countertop Burner
- Number of Heating Elements:1
- Wattage:1800W
- Controls Type:Touch
- Voltage:120V
- Material:Ceramic Glass
Bottom line: This cooktop offers unmatched precision and durability for those who need professional-grade temperature control in a portable form.
How We Picked
In selecting these induction cooktops, I prioritized models that combine reliable temperature control with user-friendly interfaces and build quality. I evaluated each product based on temperature range accuracy, ease of operation, safety features, and overall value. Additional considerations included portability for different use scenarios and certifications like NSF for health standards. The ranking reflects a balance between performance, durability, and affordability, aiming to recommend options suitable for both casual cooks and professionals. Products with distinct roles—whether for beginners, frequent users, or commercial environments—are positioned accordingly to guide diverse buyer needs.Factors to Consider When Choosing Best Induction Cooktop With Temperature Control
Choosing the best induction cooktop with temperature control involves understanding several key factors. Beyond basic features, it’s important to consider how precise and consistent the temperature regulation is, as well as usability factors like interface design and safety features. The right model for you depends on your cooking habits, space constraints, and budget. Here are some critical considerations to help narrow down your options.Temperature Range and Accuracy
Most induction cooktops offer a temperature range, but not all deliver precise adjustments within that spectrum. Look for models that specify their temperature accuracy or have digital controls with fine increments, especially if you cook recipes requiring specific heat levels. Inaccurate temperature control can lead to overcooking or undercooking, which is frustrating for serious cooks. High-end models often incorporate sensors or advanced algorithms to maintain steady heat, making them worth the investment for precision needs.
Ease of Use and Interface
An intuitive interface simplifies cooking, especially when adjusting temperature mid-process. Touch controls, digital displays, and preset modes improve usability, but beware of overly complex setups that can slow you down. Consider whether the controls are responsive and whether the display provides clear feedback. A model with straightforward operation helps prevent accidental temperature changes and enhances safety, particularly in busy kitchens or for beginners.
Build Quality and Durability
Durability depends heavily on materials like ceramic glass surfaces and stainless steel components. Cheaper plastics or fragile glass can crack or discolor over time, especially with frequent use. NSF certification or similar standards can indicate adherence to safety and quality protocols. Investing in a well-built model reduces maintenance costs and ensures consistent performance over years, which is especially important if you plan to use the cooktop regularly or commercially.
Size, Portability, and Power
Size matters depending on your kitchen setup and intended use. Compact, portable models are ideal for small spaces or travel, but they may sacrifice some control or power. Larger models with higher wattages provide more consistent heating and better temperature regulation, but they require more space and a dedicated power source. Consider your typical cooking tasks—if you frequently cook large meals or need high heat, prioritize models with higher wattage and larger surfaces.
Additional Features and Safety
Extras like timers, safety locks, auto shutoff, and child safety features enhance convenience and peace of mind. These are particularly useful in households with children or for those who multitask while cooking. While these features add to the initial cost, they often prevent accidents or food mishaps, making them a worthwhile consideration for safety-conscious buyers. Balance the need for extras against your budget and the core requirement of precise temperature control.
Frequently Asked Questions
How accurate is the temperature control on induction cooktops?
Temperature control accuracy varies across models, with high-end options like the Breville Control Freak offering adjustments within a few degrees, which is suitable for delicate cooking tasks. Many budget models provide broader increments, which might be acceptable for general heating but less so for precise recipes. Always check for digital control precision and whether the manufacturer specifies accuracy ratings, especially if your cooking depends on exact heat levels.
Can I use these induction cooktops for professional cooking?
Yes, many of these models, such as the ChangBERT Professional Edition and Breville Control Freak, are designed with professional chefs or serious home cooks in mind. They typically feature higher wattages, more accurate temperature sensors, and durable build quality. However, for full-scale commercial use, consider models with NSF certification and higher power ratings, as they withstand frequent, intensive use better than standard consumer options.
Are portable induction cooktops reliable for everyday use?
Most portable models like the Nuwave Flex or Duxtop units are quite reliable for daily cooking, especially if used within their specified limits. Regular maintenance, such as avoiding scratches and keeping the surface clean, extends their lifespan. While they may not match the durability of built-in units, high-quality portable options can provide consistent performance over years when used properly. Always verify warranty coverage for peace of mind.
How important is safety in choosing an induction cooktop?
Safety features such as auto shutoff, child locks, and overheating protection are vital, especially in busy households or small spaces. Induction technology itself is safer because the surface remains cool to the touch, but these additional features prevent accidental burns and electrical issues. Prioritizing safety can reduce risks and make the cooking experience more comfortable and worry-free, particularly for families with children or seniors.
Should I pay more for a model with more temperature levels?
Generally, more temperature levels offer finer control, which is beneficial for precise cooking tasks like melting chocolate or simmering sauces. Higher-priced models tend to have a broader and more accurate range, making them worth considering if your cooking demands high precision. However, if your needs are basic—such as boiling water or reheating—fewer levels may suffice, allowing you to save money without sacrificing functionality.
